JAILCD2025-019: Thermal Environment of Indonesian Primary Schools in Dry Season

Abstract

The thermal environment in schools is linked to the condition of school buildings and is coupled with the quality of the learning process. Prior research has been undertaken in several nations. Although the examination of the thermal environment in schools has been conducted in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the measurement intervals remain in the short term. This research seeks to assess the thermal environment of elementary schools in Indonesia over an extended measuring period. This report will include measurements performed over four consecutive months during the dry season. Data on air temperature, humidity, and surface temperature have been gathered from six schools in Java and Sumatra Island. The air temperature, humidity of both outdoor and interior classrooms and indoor wall surface temperature were recorded using thermohygrometer loggers. The loggers placed inside the classroom were put in a white plastic box and situated under the table. Meanwhile, the logger placed outside was put in the white wood box to protect them from direct sunlight. The data interval was 15 minutes, collected during a 24-hour period for 4 months. This measurement result confirmed that the outdoor thermal environment in Indonesia during the dry season was very poor during the day, including when schools are open, but is relatively good at night and outside of school hours. It also revealed that the thermal environment in classrooms during daytime lessons is completely inadequate for elementary school students to learn.