JAILCD2025-020: The Impact of Economic and Social Factors on Household Energy Consumption in the United States Based on Correlation Analysis

Abstract

Energy demand in the United States (U.S.) has been growing rapidly, with the household sector accounting for 21% of total energy consumption. Understanding the determinants of household energy consumption is critical for achieving energy sustainability. Analyzes data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration over Three time periods (2009-2020) to investigate the key factors influencing household energy use. Using pathway analysis, the study explores the impact of various factors on energy consumption and visualizes the relationships through correlation heat maps and matrices. The result shows that, factors such as the total number of household, GDP and income, changes in heating and cooling demand. The energy mix have a significant impact on total energy consumption. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to design localized energy efficiency strategies to mitigate the rising trend in energy demand and thus promote sustainable residential energy in the United States.