JAILCD2025-027: A Study of Household End-use Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the European Region

Abstract

Household energy consumption accounts for a significant proportion of total energy use and carbon emissions, with its structure and efficiency having a direct impact on energy security and the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. This study focuses on the European region, integrating statistical data from multiple countries and categorizing household end-use energy consumption into five categories: heating, cooling, water heating, cooking, and household appliances. From the perspective of household characteristics, the study analyzes the current state of end-use energy consumption and regional differences, calculates carbon emissions, identifies key influencing factors, and explores pathways for emission reduction. The results show that household energy consumption in Europe is primarily concentrated in heating, water heating, and household appliances, with heating accounting for the largest share and exhibiting the highest carbon emission intensity. The findings provide robust references for energy-saving and emission-reduction efforts at the household level in Europe.