jismart2023046: A Review: Cockle Shell as Partial Replacement in Cement-Based Material

Abstract

Various initiatives have been implemented to reduce the dependence on newly sourced raw materials in the construction sector. However, the by-products from the fishing industry are commonly disposed of in landfills or dumped without repurposing. Using sustainable materials promotes possibilities to reduce environmental consequences and resource depletion. This paper reviews the possible application of cockle shells as an alternative material in cement-based compositions. The study investigates multiple aspects, encompassing these materials’ chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, and performance in fresh and hardened phases. Several fundamental discoveries have been ascertained based on a comprehensive examination of existing academic research. Different percentages of replacement of cement and aggregates with cockle shell and its influence on fresh and hardened are reviewed in this paper.