jaue2016111: Research on Utilization of Underground Malls as Shelters for Major Natural Disasters -Part 1- Energy Consumption in Underground Malls during Regular Operating Hours

Abstract

The underground mall of a major train station in a metropolis is accessed by over one hundred thousand unspecified users per day. After the Great East Japan earthquake on March 11th, 2011, some underground malls accepted overnight between 2,000 and 2,600 people who were unable to return home. Thus, it is considered that underground malls play an important role as shelters in the event of future major natural disasters. In this paper, energy consumption in underground malls during regular operating hours based on case studies is analyzed. The result is summarized as follows; 1) Annual primary energy consumption of underground malls was between 4,700 MJ/m2 and 5,500 MJ/m2, twice as much as that of office buildings and 1.5 times as much as that of commercial buildings. 2) The peak electricity consumption of each underground mall occurred in summer. Equipment occupying 40% of the peak electricity consumption was Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) as well as Lighting & Appliances. 3) Compared with previous values, annual energy consumption and peak electricity consumption since the Great East Japan earthquake have decreased by 10% and 20%, respectively